申请并下载证书

首先，前往https://freessl.cn/注册账号，根据指示填写域名，点击创建免费的SSL证书

CSR生成选择离线生成

点击生成后，会提示先安装KeyManager，根据指示安装即可

根据指示一直走，可以看见证书已经出现在了KeyManager里，点击导出证书

选择Nginx并导出

打开压缩包，可以看见有两个格式的文件：.crt和.key

配置服务器

现在需要将证书上传至服务器，位置任意，例如我这里放在了/root/ssl

接下来编辑Nginx的配置文件

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sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

在server把80端口的那部分改成下面几行

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#监听 443 端口 （HTTPS用的是443）
listen 443 ssl;
#添加证书
ssl_certificate     /root/ssl/www-nickxu-top-0223222924_chain.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /root/ssl/www-nickxu-top-0223222924_key.key;

然后再开一个server来处理80端口

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server {
        listen 80 default_server;
        listen [::]:80 default_server;
        server_name www.nickxu.top;
        rewrite ^(.*) https://$server_name$1 permanent;  #重定向至https协议
}

完整的配置文件：

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##
# You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
# of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
# https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/
# https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/tutorials/config_pitfalls/
# https://wiki.debian.org/Nginx/DirectoryStructure
#
# In most cases, administrators will remove this file from sites-enabled/ and
# leave it as reference inside of sites-available where it will continue to be
# updated by the nginx packaging team.
#
# This file will automatically load configuration files provided by other
# applications, such as Drupal or Wordpress. These applications will be made
# available underneath a path with that package name, such as /drupal8.
#
# Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
##

# Default server configuration
#
server {
	listen 80 default_server;
	listen [::]:80 default_server;
	server_name www.nickxu.top;
	rewrite ^(.*) https://$server_name$1 permanent;
}

server {

	# SSL configuration
	#
	# listen 443 ssl default_server;
	# listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
	#
	# Note: You should disable gzip for SSL traffic.
	# See: https://bugs.debian.org/773332
	#
	# Read up on ssl_ciphers to ensure a secure configuration.
	# See: https://bugs.debian.org/765782
	#
	# Self signed certs generated by the ssl-cert package
	# Don't use them in a production server!
	#
	# include snippets/snakeoil.conf;

	listen 443 ssl;
	ssl_certificate     /root/ssl/www-nickxu-top-0223222924_chain.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /root/ssl/www-nickxu-top-0223222924_key.key;


	root /var/www/html;

	# Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
	index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

	server_name www.nickxu.top;

	location / {
		# First attempt to serve request as file, then
		# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
		try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
	}

	# pass PHP scripts to FastCGI server
	#
	#location ~ \.php$ {
	#	include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
	#
	#	# With php-fpm (or other unix sockets):
	#	fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
	#	# With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
	#	fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
	#}

	# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
	# concurs with nginx's one
	#
	#location ~ /\.ht {
	#	deny all;
	#}
}


# Virtual Host configuration for example.com
#
# You can move that to a different file under sites-available/ and symlink that
# to sites-enabled/ to enable it.
#
#server {
#	listen 80;
#	listen [::]:80;
#
#	server_name example.com;
#
#	root /var/www/example.com;
#	index index.html;
#
#	location / {
#		try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
#	}
#}

重启，可以看见已经成功启用了SSL证书